heroarms A Comparison of Code Heroes of A Farewell to...

The Code Heroes of A Farewell to Arms and For Whom the Bell Tolls In Ernest Hemingways fiction, there is something known as the Hemingway Hero. This term is usually applied to the male protagonist in his works. The Hemingway hero illustrates a variety of traits, ranging from heavy drinking to his role as a leader among the characters with whom he interacts. Traits of this hero also resemble the personal characteristics of Hemingway himself, and the hero usually finds himself in similar predicaments Hemingway faced in his life. Two Hemingway heroes, Robert Jordan from For Whom the Bell Tolls and Frederic Henry from A Farewell to Arms, exhibit the traits established in Hemingways heroic code. Given the presence of war in†¦show more content†¦While Frederic Henry and Robert Jordan do not exemplify the complete list of traits making up Hemingways heroic code, each man displays at least several of the heroic characteristics. Robert Jordan conducts himself in a very disciplined manner, keeping his primary objective in mind whereas Frederic Henrys agenda focuses on personal events rather than the war itself. Both Jordan and Henry display very macho characteristics and prove that they are capable leaders at the same time. Each man has a love for alcohol and drinks casually throughout each novel. Robert Jordan and Frederic Henry show signs that they do not believe in the afterlife and that they try to live life to the fullest as well. Perhaps the most reoccurring trait of the Hemingway hero is his love for alcohol and his continuous drinking throughout the novel. Whether the occasion is serious or casual, the reader often witnesses Frederic Henry or Robert Jordan enjoying a drink. One instance comes when Robert Jordan eats with his comrades. He muses over the wine he is drinking, thinking but [wine] does not curl around inside you the way absinthe does... there is nothing like absinthe (For Whom the Bell Tolls, 204) . This series of thoughts by Robert Jordan shows that he enjoys drinking alcohol because of its relaxing qualities; however, he exhibits moderation in his drinking because his judgment never falters and he always appears to be alert.

Essay about Mayan Indians - 751 Words

Mayan Indians The Mayan Indians lived mainly on or near the Yucatan Peninsula. This region had many volcanic mountains or Highlands in the south and the Lowlands in the central and northern regions. The southern part of the Lowlands was covered by a rain forest and the northern by much drier forests. You could also find savannas and swamps scattered throughout many of these regions. The fields that farmers would use to grow crops are cut and burned around February to May. During this time period, it is the dry season, in which it is very hot and uncomfortable for the people. When the practice this slash and burn technique, the sky becomes gray and smoky, making the weather even more unbearable.†¦show more content†¦The tribes usually lived in homes made of poles. The poles were young trees of had their bark stripped off and than set in a stone foundation for the building of the home. There were two doorways place in front of each other to allow for the free air to flow. The structure h ad rounded ends and was either filled with more poles or stucco. The roof was made out of a thick palm thatch, which sufficiently protected the interior. There was also a stone version of this home, which was lived in by the more powerful. It was similar, but instead was made in a rectangular form. In places where there are many large trees, wooden planks would be used in place of piles, which also lacked rounded ends. Some of these homes and structure are still standing today. The Mayans were skilled farmers who cleared large sections of tropical rain forests for their farming. Also, when they were running low on water, they would make an underground storage for rainwater. Maize was their main staple and still is, though they have various diets depending on the local geography. Agriculture was based on slash and burn farming which meant that the field has to be left alone from 5 to 15 tears after only 2 to 5 years of farming. The normal garment of men was a cotton breechcloth wrapped around the middle, with sometimes a sleeveless shirt, either white or dyedShow MoreRelatedThe History of Zero: Indian and Mayan Cultures726 Words   |  3 PagesZero is usually recognized today as being originated in two geographically separated cultures: the Maya and Indian. If zero was a place-holder symbol, then such a zero was present in the Babylonian positional number system before the first recorded occurrence of the Indian zero. If zero was represented by an empty space within a well-defined positional number system, such a zero was present in Chinese mathematics a few centuries before the beginning of the Common Era. The absence of a symbol forRead More The Toltec, Aztec, and Mayan Indian Tribes Essay598 Words   |  3 PagesThe Toltec, Aztec, and Mayan Indian Tribes TOLTECS The Toltecs were an Indian tribe who existed from 900 A.D. to 1200. 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These Spanish conquistadors, who were poverty-stricken nobles predominantly from the west and south of Spain, were then awarded encomiendas, land grants that included the right to force native populations into slavery as long as the convertRead MoreEssay on Religious Syncretism and its Consequences in Mayan Society1211 Wo rds   |  5 PagesReligious Syncretism and its Consequences in Mayan Society When Spaniards first set foot on Mesoamerican shores in the early sixteenth century, they encountered not the godless mass of natives they believed they found, but a people whose rich spiritual traditions shaped and sustained them for thousands of years. These diverse spiritual practices legitimized nearly every aspect of Mesoamerican daily life, from science and architecture to art and politics (Carmack 295), in many of the same waysRead MoreThe Mayan Culture1090 Words   |  4 PagesMayan culture was one of the most complex civilizations of the Mesoamerican societies. 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Prosecuting Arguments Free Essays

Prosecuting Arguments A prosecutor’s duty is to defer and produce evidence of the crime at hand to the judge and jury so that they can decide an appropriate sentence. According to the case of State v. Stu Dents, there are several charges against the defendant which range from moderate to severe. We will write a custom essay sample on Prosecuting Arguments or any similar topic only for you Order Now These charges include homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. The prosecution must attempt to provide accurate evidence to prove the charges against Stu Dents. During this trial, the prosecution will evaluate the laws and statutes of Hawaii, Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania to determine which state the case is the strongest. The prosecution will examine each of these states thoroughly to provide a better understanding of the charges, which will provide a guideline in determining the best sentencing alternatives. Facts and Elements The prosecution must establish the facts and elements of each crime to prove a defendant’s guilt. The elements of crime are the basic components of the crime, and the essential features of that crime specified by law or statute. These elements include actus reus, mens rea, and a concurrence of the two. To convict the defendant of a particular crime, the prosecution must establish that each of the required elements are present in the facts to prove criminal liability (Schmalleger, Hall, Dolatowski, 2010). In the case of State v. Stu Dents, the prosecution must establish the facts and elements of the charges for homicide, assault of a police officer, kidnapping, burglary, and crimes related to drugs. For the charge of homicide, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. The journal entries discussing the purchase of rope, rags, and a sharp hunting knife â€Å"to fulfill [his] destiny† prove mens rea. Actus reus is proven in the evidence that the victim was found with cloth stuffed in her mouth, arms and legs tied with rope restraints, and stabbed to death. The defendant’s intent to commit the crime is proven by the journal entries, and the proof that he engaged in the criminal conduct is evident in the gagging, restraining, and stabbing death of the victim (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of assault of a police officer, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. When police officers attempted to take him into custody, he was extremely agitated, irrational, combative, and screaming about the end of the world and aliens working in the police force, which proves mens rea. Actus reus is proven when the defendant punched the officer in the face while the officer attempted to handcuff him. The defendant’s intent to cause bodily harm to the officer by punching him proves the presence of intent and conduct (University of Phoenix, n. . ). For the charge of kidnapping, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven from the evidence officers found in the defendant’s home, which included a timeline of more than 300 photos of the victim in various locations and situations. It appears as if some photos were taken without the victim’s knowledge. Actus reus is proven by the evidence of cuts and bruises found on the victim’s body as well as skin particles under her fingernails, which signify a struggle prior to death. The DNA of the skin particles matched samples of the defendant’s DNA. Therefore, the defendant’s intent to seize unlawfully and carry away the victim by force, as indicated by the evidence of struggle, proves the presence of intent and conduct (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of burglary, all of the required elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven from witness testimony stating that the defendant entered the victim’s apartment when she was not home, and there was no proof that he used a key. Actus reus is proven when a search of the defendant’s home produced drugs and jewelry owned by the victim. The defendant’s intent to enter the victim’s residence unlawfully without permission for the purpose of committing a crime is proven by the theft of the victim’s possessions (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). For the charge of crimes related to drugs, all of the elements are present in the facts of the case. Mens rea is proven when a search of the defendant’s home produced various amounts of ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamines. Actus reus is proven by the presence of ecstasy, cocaine, and methamphetamines in the defendant’s home, which is an act of possession. The defendant knowingly possessing the drugs coexists with the act of possessing the drugs (University of Phoenix, n. d. ). State Laws In Hawaii, homicide occurs when a person intentionally or knowingly causes the death of another person, and it is considered murder in the first degree. The crime of homicide with more than one victim or an inmate killing his or her cellmate is considered first degree murder, and homicide of an officer of the law is considered a felony murder. Murder in the first degree is a serious felony, and the defendant could face life in prison without parole because Hawaii does not have the death penalty (FindLaw, 2012). In Pennsylvania, assault of a police officer occurs when a person intentionally causes harm to an officer while on duty, such as fighting the officer to avoid arrest. If this incident causes the officer bodily harm, the crime is a second-degree misdemeanor. This will result in a sentence of up to five years in prison, and a fine of up to $3,000. If a person shoots and kills an officer on duty, the charge is assault in the first degree. The defendant could face a minimum of 20 years in prison or death for first-degree assault of a police officer (Justia, n. d. ). In North Carolina, kidnapping occurs when a person unlawfully restrains or keeps another person at any place without his or her permission. It is considered first degree kidnapping if the victim is not released in a safe place or is seriously injured. This charge is considered a Class C felony, and it carries up to 15 years imprisonment (North Carolina General Assembly, n. d. ). In Arkansas, residential burglary occurs when a person unlawfully enters and remains in a residential structure, and commits any offense punishable by imprisonment. This crime is considered a Class B felony. A defendant who is charged with this crime faces five to 10 years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $15,000 (Justia, n. d. ). In Virginia, crimes related to drugs include manufacturing, distributing, or possessing controlled substances with the intent to manufacture or distribute. A first offense under this statute carries a sentence of five to 40 years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $500,000. Second and subsequent offenses carry a sentence of five years to life imprisonment, and a fine of up to $500,000. It is considered a felony if a person manufactures, distributes, or possesses certain large amounts of controlled substances. A felony conviction carries a sentence of five years to life imprisonment, and a fine of up to $1 million (Laws. com, 2011). Strongest State Case According to the information on the state laws and statutes, Hawaii would yield the strongest prosecution in the case of State v. Stu Dents. In Hawaii, a conviction of homicide carries a sentence of life imprisonment without parole, which would keep the defendant away from society, and keep society safe from possible future offenses by the defendant. A conviction for assault of a police officer carries up to five years imprisonment. A conviction for kidnapping and drug crimes is a Class A felony, and it carries a term of up to life imprisonment with a fine of up to $50,000. A conviction of burglary is a Class B felony, and it carries a term of two to 20 years imprisonment with a fine of up to $25,000 (Nolo, 2012). If the defendant is found guilty of all charges in the state of Hawaii, he will spend the rest of his life in prison as well as pay a large amount in fines, which is absolute justice for the victim. Conclusion Each state has different laws for each crime that a person commits and how that person is charged for the crime. The prosecution for each crime is strong for each of the states examined. No matter what the case is for a crime committed in any state, there is a law or statute available to charge a person for that crime. Regardless of the state the criminal trial proceeds in, the prosecution will have a strong case in the case of State v. Stu Dents. References FindLaw. (2012). Haw. Rev. Stat.  § 707-701 : Hawaii Statutes – Section 707-701: Murder in the first degree. Retrieved from http://codes. lp. findlaw. com/histatutes/5/37/707/II/707-701 Justia. (n. d. ). 2010 Arkansas Code  § 5-39-201 – Residential burglary — Commercial burglary. Retrieved from http://law. justia. com/codes/arkansas/2010/title-5/subtitle-4/chapter-39/ subchapter-2/5-39-201/ Justia. (n. d. . 2010 Pennsylvania Code  § 2702. 1 – Assault of law enforcement officer. Retrieved from http://law. justia. com/codes/pennsylvania/2010/title-18/chapter-27/2702-1/ Laws. com. (2011). 18. 2-248 – Manufacturing, selling, giving, distributing, or possessing with intent to manufacture, sell, give, or distribute a controlled substance or an imitation controlled substance prohibited; penalties. Retrieved fro m http://statutes. laws. com/ virginia/title-18-2/chapter-7/18-2-248 Nolo. (2012). Hawaii Charges for Crimes by Felony Class. Retrieved from ttp://www. criminaldefenselawyer. com/resources/criminal-defense/felony-offense/ hawaii-felony-class. htm North Carolina General Assembly. (n. d. ). Article 10 – Kidnapping and Abduction. Retrieved from http://www. ncga. state. nc. us/EnactedLegislation/Statutes/PDF/ByArticle/Chapter_ 14/Article_10. pdf Schmalleger, F. , Hall, D. E. , Dolatowski, J. J. (2010). Criminal law Today. (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. University of Phoenix. (n. d. ). State v. Stu Dents. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, CJA354 website. How to cite Prosecuting Arguments, Essay examples

Transportation & Distribution Management - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTransportation Distribution Management forPurchasing. Answer: Introduction The service sector contributes 73% to the GDP of Singapore with retail services capturing large proportion. C.K. Tang Limited is one of the important and biggest player in the retail industry. The firm came into operation 1932 as provisional store founded by C.K Tang an immigrant from China. In 1950s he expanded and shifted the location of store to capture consumers travelling downtown in the Orchard street (Aguezzoul, 2014). In 1982 on the face of changing landscape in retail, Tang began its repositioning making inclusion of array of international brand that made the firm transform into superstore. The firm further transformed its outlook toward building family-friendly retail store making it an iconic shopping destination of world class. The tagline "All The Best Under One Roof" launched in 1980 clearly indicated the huge diversification of the firm. The firm undergone changes in market strategies like operating the store even on Sundays in order to attract more consumer base. The firm underwent transformation in large scale at Tang Plaza in order to make a repositioning of its retail existence as family- friendly store. The retail organization holds collection of huge product mix of different international brand. The range of products and services includes beauty, fashion, home, foods beverages and kids (Aguezzoul, 2014). The product line attracts the shoppers with mindset to blend with local as well as international quality, heritage and modernity. In Singapore and Malaysia, the firm has six stores operating throughout. The firm not only plays pivotal role in internal market but also makes huge trade transaction with nations like USA, China, and Malaysia. With increased globalization over time, the volume of trade has increased and has evoked the importance of supply chain management and it subsequent distribution and transportation management. This requires proper incoterm selection at first place in order to come up with proper shipping strategies. Based on the mode of shipment through rail, sea or water, carrier selection is done based on the criteria. This also considers various other factors like geographical span, type of goods being carried, and time taken and so on. The paper makes an overall analysis of all these including the carrier relationship management of retailer firm Tang. Incoterm selcetion consideration: The International chamber of Commerce publishes commercial laws that sets pre-defined rules known as international commercial terms applicable in commercial procurement and transaction in international sales.the incoterms underwent revisions 1953, 1967, 1980, 1990 an 2000. The Incoterms of 2010 specifies eleven rules of shipment making provision of clear guidelines for the exporters or importers involved in the entire process of international trade and goods movement (Johnson, 2014). This includes how the transfer of responsibilities taking place for example whether at the place of loading and unloading the goods take place at factory of exporter or in the warehouse of importers. The incoterm rule also specifies and assigns task between importers and exporters. Choice of proper incoterm depends on several factors: First important factor is choosing the method of shipment. Based on the mode of transportation used in the trade the shipment method is selected. Their ability and willingness of the importers and exporters shape up the knowledge of possible international transportation that further determines the quality of incoterms. Greater the experience and trust between importers and exporters higher is capability of the parties t perform task enhancing the incoterm methods. The Incoterm 2011 outlines 11 modes of shipment covered broadly within four groups E, F , C and D. E is used when the responsibility of shipment is taken up by importers form departure point allowing the importer to have more powers in operations of all tasks and conferring least control to the exporter. D is the term indicating least control of importers and more control of exporters in all the task performance and C are the terms referring to carriage being paid by importer and exporters respectively. Different mode of transportation proposes different rules to be followed in incoterm consideration. Following shipments are eligible for any kind of transportation Different Shipment Methods; EXW: Ex-Works confers importer all responsibilities for the shipment and exporter just arranges for the availability and pick up by importer. FCA: Free Carrier suggests that exporter pays for the cost of delivery of the shipment paid. The export is cleared to the pre-designated carrier of the importer from where it is takeun up by importer who then pays for the main transportation, insurance and customer clearance(Aguezzoul, 2014) FAS: Free Alongside Ship is rule for shipment in sea and inland water ways. Exorters delivers goods to named port of shipment mentioned by the importer from where theimporter receives the responsibility o fall risk and damages caused to the goods (Johnson, 2014). The exporter plays for the delivery of shipment only and main transportation risk is borne by importers. CPT: (Carriage paid To) Here the exporter pays for the goods in carriage when it reaches the place of destination named earlier. CIP: (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): Along with CPT the exporter needs to acquire insurance of te goods while making the transition and transportation. For the retail firm C.K. Tang best two method of shipments would be Ex-works and CIP due to the huge amount of consumer goods being transported through land as well as waterways. Carrier selection criteria: After selecting the shipment method the next important task facing Tang is to choose for proper carrier so as to ascertain safe and damage free transporation and transition of goods from one place to another. The decision of carrier selection is based upon few factors like the geographical coverage of the goods movement. Greater distance requires more solid carrier. Average time required in transition and how reliable the mode of transportation is determines the mode of carrier. Delivery of the shipment and pick-up on time shapes the kind of carrier to be selected. Availability of equipment, capacity and capabilities in technical grounds are also important factors (Robinson,Thomas Manrodt, 2013). The major component in selecting carrier is the financial stability and rate of the freight. How secure the carrier is from damage determines the level of safety and protection to the products being shipped. In decision, making process identifying the criteria and ranking them accordingly the goals and purpose of the business operation of any firm is important part of carrier selection in transportation management. A proper carrier selection strategy can provide immense benefit to the business of Tang (Graham, 2013). This allows the firm to be associated with lots of service providers making the shipments delivery and gain better idea regarding free flow of freight. This also allows Tang to monitor the performance of the carrier base the firm has. Proper carrier selection evokes the leverage for the company to purchase dollars at all rates available. Carrier selection should always have a back up procedure in order to face contingency period that would provide protection both the exporter as well as importer from damage of goods. Now if we look at the goods being sold in Tang, it can be found that both perishable and non-perishable goods are offered by the firm. In food category many items like vegetable, fruits are perishable whereas as wheat based, dry and packaged item are protected from being perished. Based on the damage options the carriers selection criteria are ranked prior to selecting for the mode of carriage (Brands, 2013). For perishable good transition time taken and reliability of delivery are important criteria owing to the top of the list. If the good s are not delivered and picked-up time then it might lead to disruption and loss for the firm. In such case, the shorter the transit time, higher is the chance the goods are safely transported. The diversification strategy and cross border market expansion strategy of the firm, it had to make greater geographical coverage that requires the firm to come up with increased availability of equipments and technological innovation applied within logist ic. The lower ranks are possessed by the components like financial stability and damage lost. Even if financial stability of the carrier selection are maintained the firm can still face problem because of not considering the importrant criteria exposing the firm to greater risk (Choudhary Shankar, 2013). The ranking of the criteria would allow the firm locate the important mode of transportation as well as selecting option for carriage. Carrier relationship management: It is found from the analysis that carrier selection and incoterms considerations are related with each other. Mode of shipment primarily determines the carriers type. If the shipment takes place through train or land then trucks then the carriage selection will be different than ocean or sea mode of transport. What carriers to be selected based on the criteria, shipment methods and further types of the goods being moved, the transportation system management determine that as a whole (Shang Lu, 2012). This as subset of supply chain management is more concerned about the transportation ad movement of goods. The firm Tang being a biggest market player in Singapore retail industry is responsible to make huge amount of goods transition both locally within nation across nations as well. This requires proper planning of the entire logistics while managing the transportation system smoothly, which further depends on proper resource planning of the firm. The transportation of goods in any commercial transaction or trade involves export and import, which requires goods to be delivered and shipped from place of production to final destination. This involves numerous carriers, suppliers and other parties within the process. The role of carrier relationship management is to ascertain the balance through advocating in lieu of the shippers. This ascertains the business operations for both the firms and its carrier partners providing support to the firm. To consolidate the transportation goals of Tang, the firm needs to identify and strengthen the important roles played by transportation management unit of the company. Proper execution of the management helps in planning and optimization of terrestrial rounds of transport. It provides ease in selection of inbound and outbound mode of transportation (Shang Lu, 2012). All the elements used in the process like motor carriers, air modes, rail and all kind of transportation used are well managed and supervised by the team. The management also allows the firm to optimization of route and load of the vehicles, tracking of transportation, service quality control, cost control, freight audit and shipment batching of orders. The crucial transportation goal facing the retail leader Tang is the development of cost-effective transportation that would increase efficiency. The efficiency is further ascertained by the reduction of total inventory overhead and per order processing cost. In order to improve the warehouse operation of the firm, Tang has decided to work way that is more integrated with the provider of transportation. The establishment of two-way relationship with carriers of the firm would allow it to address issues quite easily while enhancing the opportunities of the firms (Robinson,Thomas Manrodt, 2013). Greater the transportation quality higher will be the quality of service provided to the customers that further marks growth for the business of the firm in terms of increased sales. The important transportation goal of Tang is to build a two way relationship between retailer and carrier which is identified as the key to the logistic success (Johnson, 2014). Carriers should be provided with more information of the business of Tangs. The role of carrier relation manager Is to consolidate it through staying involved in the process, verifying reports and results, bill audits making cost considerations and carrying a dynamic and flexible approach to make as many contacts and relations as possible. Conclusion: Pertaining to the fact that Tang plays pivotal role in the national economy of Singapore the huge operation of the firms involves transition of goods locally and internationally. A good transportation management involving incoterms consideration, carrier selection and maintaining the relationship between retailer and carrier have been pivotal for the firms growing popularity and business expansion. The firm faces huge export to the countries like China, Malaysia, US and so on that allows is to choose an universal incoterms in form of CPT and Ex-works. The firm focused on consolidating the carrier relation to stimulate its market expansion and business growth. Reference: Aguezzoul, A. (2014). Third-party logistics selection problem: A literature review on criteria and methods.Omega,49, 69-78. Brands, L. I. J. (2013). Intelligent carrier compilation to reduce handling operations in the retail supply chain. Choudhary, D., Shankar, R. (2013). Joint decision of procurement lot-size, supplier selection, and carrier selection.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,19(1), 16-26. Choudhary, D., Shankar, R. (2014). A goal programming model for joint decision making of inventory lot-size, supplier selection and carrier selection.Computers Industrial Engineering,71, 1-9. Danielis, R., Maggi, E., Rotaris, L., Valeri, E. (2012).Urban supply chains and transportation policies(No. 1207). Danielis, R., Maggi, E., Rotaris, L., Valeri, E. (2013). Urban freight distribution: urban supply chains and transportation policies. InFreight transport modelling(pp. 377-403). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Graham, A. (2013). Understanding the low cost carrier and airport relationship: A critical analysis of the salient issues.Tourism Management,36, 66-76. Johnson, P. (2014).Fundamentals of collection development and management. American Library Association. Lam, J. S. L., Dai, J. (2012). A decision support system for port selection.Transportation Planning and Technology,35(4), 509-524. Meixell, M. J., Norbis, M. (2012). Integrating carrier selection with supplier selection decisions to improve supply chain security.International Transactions in Operational Research,19(5), 711-732. Murray-Tuite, P., Wolshon, B. (2013). Evacuation transportation modeling: An overview of research, development, and practice.Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,27, 25-45. Robinson, J. L., Thomas, R. W., Manrodt, K. B. (2013). Food for thought in the transportation carrier-selection decision.Transportation Journal,52(2), 277-296. Segetlija, Z., Mesari?, J., Dujak, D. (2016, January). E-logistics as prerequisite of e-retailing. InICIL 2016-13th International Conference on Industrial Logistics. Shang, K. C., Lu, C. S. (2012). Customer relationship management and firm performance: an empirical study of freight forwarder services.Journal of Marine Science and Technology,20(1), 64-72. Stapleton, D. M., Pande, V., O'Brien, D. (2014). EXW, FOB OR FCA? Choosing the right Incoterm and why it matters to maritime shippers.Journal of Transportation Law, Logistics, and Policy,81(3), 227. Wensveen, J. G. (2016).Air transportation: A management perspective. Routledge.

The Piano Lesson1 Essay Example For Students

The Piano Lesson1 Essay To a person such as myself I tend to believe that freedom is in the mind and not as much a physical thing. Mainly because you can be shackled and imprisoned but they can never take away your dreams, hopes, thoughts and aspirations. Those will always remain with you no matter what occurs to an individual. With that said it can be said that Boy Charles did give his life for nothing, since we are all free in mind we need not the things of our past to tell us who we are or to give us direction in life. On the night of the Fourth of July, 1911 is a night that never should have occurred in which the liberation of the piano from the hands of a white slave owner cost the life of Boy Charles. All that was lost for a piano seems worthless to me. The Piano had only sentimental value to Boy Charles and in the end he is the one who would not be able to enjoy it. He claimed it told his family history but it is he who could have passed down the family history through word of mouth. Boy Charles should have realized he had the best of both worlds when he decided to steal that piano he was free in mind and body not just one or the other. He was a free black man free to do what ever he wanted in life whether it be to start a family or move to the north where opportunities where greater. He came to the uneventful conclusion that in order to be free he needed the piano, which he did not since we are living records of the past not a carved piano. The theme of this novel seems to show the complexity of African American attitudes in the direction of their past but they must look to their future in order to advance and not keep looking back The piano seems to serve as a symbol for the legacy of their past, which brought the characters of this drama to this point in their lives. So it seems that Boy Charles life was perhaps not in vein but without his sacrifice it seems that his family may have never left the south in order to pursue a better life in Pittsburgh and have h ope for the future. We will write a custom essay on The Piano Lesson1 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now So there seems to be valid points to Boy Charles actions but in the end it seems he should have chosen to leave the piano and escape the south with his life and freedom. There are more important things than pride in the world such as family and God. In which both of these can help you have a brighter future and make something of yourself, which is more than a piano could ever do. Bibliography:

Free Essays on Sandra Day O Connor

The atrticle Sandra’s Day was written by Ramesh Ponnuru and published in the National Review this year during the month of June. The National Review is a Conservative weekly journal of opinions and focuses mostly on the American Political scene. Ramesh Ponnuru is a Senior Editor for National Review, where he covers national politics. He has also written for the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Financial Times, Newsday, Washington Times, and other publications. Sandra Day O’Connor was the first woman ever to be appointed as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. O’Connor was the right woman at the right moment. To offset criticism of his opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment in 1980, Reagan promised to appoint the fist woman to the Supreme Court. During O’Connor’s first year on the Court, she made it clear she was a conservative. Although showing some signs of moving toward the center, O’Connor has most often voted with Rehnquist and Burger. Time Magazine labeled her William H. Rehnquist’s â€Å"Arizona twin†. In her first term the two voted together on twenty-seven of he thirty-one decisions decided by 5-4 votes. As stated, the article was published in The National Review. I didn’t particularly agree with the way the article was written. I felt it could have written in a better fashion and upon further research I found many examples. I felt this article isn’t for someone whom is unfamiliar with politics, but for someone is up to date with politics, who is interested in politics, and has a great understanding of it’s concepts. Therefore, the article was a bit difficult to understand. Upon further research I found a striking resemblance in all the articles I read. The only difference, were the terms that were used, and how it was written. The articles online were much easier to read, they were in layman’s terms and straight forward, unlike Ponnuru’s article. I came to the ... Free Essays on Sandra Day O' Connor Free Essays on Sandra Day O' Connor The atrticle Sandra’s Day was written by Ramesh Ponnuru and published in the National Review this year during the month of June. The National Review is a Conservative weekly journal of opinions and focuses mostly on the American Political scene. Ramesh Ponnuru is a Senior Editor for National Review, where he covers national politics. He has also written for the Wall Street Journal, New York Times, Financial Times, Newsday, Washington Times, and other publications. Sandra Day O’Connor was the first woman ever to be appointed as an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court. O’Connor was the right woman at the right moment. To offset criticism of his opposition to the Equal Rights Amendment in 1980, Reagan promised to appoint the fist woman to the Supreme Court. During O’Connor’s first year on the Court, she made it clear she was a conservative. Although showing some signs of moving toward the center, O’Connor has most often voted with Rehnquist and Burger. Time Magazine labeled her William H. Rehnquist’s â€Å"Arizona twin†. In her first term the two voted together on twenty-seven of he thirty-one decisions decided by 5-4 votes. As stated, the article was published in The National Review. I didn’t particularly agree with the way the article was written. I felt it could have written in a better fashion and upon further research I found many examples. I felt this article isn’t for someone whom is unfamiliar with politics, but for someone is up to date with politics, who is interested in politics, and has a great understanding of it’s concepts. Therefore, the article was a bit difficult to understand. Upon further research I found a striking resemblance in all the articles I read. The only difference, were the terms that were used, and how it was written. The articles online were much easier to read, they were in layman’s terms and straight forward, unlike Ponnuru’s article. I came to the ...

An editorial about the writings of Ida B. Wells Essay Example for Free

An editorial about the writings of Ida B. Wells Essay Ida B. Wells wrote the three pamphlets â€Å"Southern Horrors† (1892), â€Å"A Red Record† (1895), and â€Å"Mob Rule in New Orleans† (1900) as an attempt to publicize the atrocities being committed against African Americans in the New South. These writings are important today, not because lynching of African Americans occurs with any regularity, but because they are accounts contemporary with the events they detail and because the pamphlets illustrate the dangers of: mob rule, justifying immoral acts by claiming to have a moral purpose, and the tendency of people everywhere to strike out against anything new or different with violence. This message is even more relevant today when the current president is so willing to suspend the rights of others so that the people of America can be â€Å"safe†. The fear of one group of people who mistrust another group should never result in suspension of rights of another. Just like the eroding of the rights of African Americans during the time when Wells was writing, the suspension of rights of people who look as if they are or might be terrorists in the current world is wrong and should not be tolerated. Ida B. Wells wrote with two purposes in mind: one was educational, the other was to publicize the atrocities committed in the New South with the hope of eliciting reaction from people who would then help bring an end to â€Å"Lynch Law† and other injustices committed against African Americans. Wells wanted to educate those people who were unfamiliar with the New South regarding the violence and double standards far to common in the South. Wells wrote to tell the facts about lynchings in the South so that people would no longer believe lynching was a response to an egregious crime. â€Å"She sought to recast lynching in the public eye so that it was not perceived as an understandable though unpleasant response to heinous acts, but as itself a crime against American values† (Wells 27). According to Wells the perception that all white women were pure and uninterested in have African Americans as husbands is untrue, â€Å"there are many white women in the Sought who would marry colored men if such an act would not place them at once beyond the pale of society and within the clutches of the law† (Wells 53). At the same time laws forbade African American men and white women from â€Å"commingling,† Wells points out â€Å"they leave the white man free to seduce all the colored girls he can† (Wells 53). Although Wells writing centers on lynching because of alleged rape she makes an important point when she cautions that â€Å"a concession of the right to lynch a man for any crime, . . . concedes the right to lynch any person for any crime, . . . † (Wells 61). Wells also wanted to call citizens of the North, government officials and people in Great Britain to act to end lynch law. She urged them â€Å"employ boycott, emigration and the press . . . to stamp out lynch law . . . † (Wells 72). Ida B. Wells wrote to three different audiences. To those people living in the New South Wells wrote not so much about horrific events that occurred, but about the justifications they used to excuse their behavior. As mentioned above, she wrote of the double standard between the races and of the potential danger of expanding lynching to suit the whims and fancies of any mob at any time. To those Americans living outside the South Wells wrote to shock them with the descriptions of the horrid events, to educate them about how African Americans were still being treated despite the Civil War and despite the Constitutional Amendments guaranteeing rights to African Americans. Wells writes to the people of the North to show them that all is not well in the South and that the advances made in the past were being pushed aside. In her first pamphlet, â€Å"Southern Horrors,† Wells wrote about the existing injustices and ongoing terrorist acts performed against African Americans. To the rest of the world, particularly Great Britain, Wells wrote â€Å"A Red Record† she â€Å"respectfully submitted [this pamphlet] to the Nineteenth Century civilization in ‘the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave† (Wells title page). This pamphlet recounts the numbers and details of more than four hundred lynchings occurring in the United States against African Americans. Wells hoped to appeal to the sensibilities of British people who were potential investors in the South so they would invest elsewhere â€Å"the appeal to the white man’s pocket has ever been more effectual than all the appeals ever made to his conscience. † To those in power in the United States Wells wrote â€Å"Mob Rule in New Orleans† to those in power in hopes of their bringing to an end to authorities who allow, and at times encourage mobs to act. Although it is difficult to quantify what the actual affects of Wells’ writing were, it is clear that during the next century, the groups she wrote for did make great strides toward establishing equality and eliminating injustices based on race. It is not unreasonable to suggest that Wells’ writing had a hand in starting this process. Wells’ writings are certainly among the earliest of Post-reconstruction writing to reintroduce the difficulties of African American lives, but they were not the last. It is likely that her writing influenced and encouraged others to continue the work Wells began. As I read through the accounts of these horrible, disgusting lynchings I felt saddened and depressed. Clearly there were many injustices committed and many were people hurt, imprisoned, or killed. Some of these are particularly gruesome such as Chapter III of A Red Record, â€Å"Lynching Imbeciles: An Arkansas Butchery† where Henry Smith was tortured and burned at the stake (Wells 88-98). According to figures gathered by the NAACP (an organization with Wells as one of the founding members) there were 3,318 African Americans killed by lynching between 1892 and 1931. Certainly one cannot dismiss or excuse these egregious acts in any fashion. However I was not particularly surprised or shocked by these events. Perhaps it is because I live in a world where the Jewish Holocaust of World War II is well known, a world where a country, Cambodia, went mad, and slaughtered between 1. 5 and 3 million of 7 million its own citizens. Perhaps it is because I live in a world where the recent genocides in Rwanda and Somalia were largely unknown until made into a wide screen blockbuster movie. Perhaps it is because of the 9/11 attacks (coincidentally the number killed on 9/11 and the number of dead American soldiers in Iraq are remarkably similar to the 3300+ listed in the NAACP’s figures). For whatever reason, I find myself somewhat inured against these accounts. I am not sure whether this reveals more about me or about the society I live in, but I cannot help but wonder if Ida B. Wells were writing today would there be any impact at all.Perhaps not: more’s the pity. Works Cited Wells, Ida B. Southern Horrors and Other Writings: The Anti-Lynching Campaign of Ida B. Wells, 1892-1900. Ed. with intro Jacqueline Jones Royster. Boston: Bedford Books, 1997. An editorial about the writings of Ida B. Wells. (2017, Apr 22).

Economics of Competition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics of Competition - Essay Example The trend towards concentration had been present for the previous twenty years, but the 1980s were characterized, most notably, by the emergence of a small group of retail corporations whose turnover, employment levels, profitability and sheer market and political power came to rival the largest industrial corporations in any sector of the UK economy. Between 1982 and 1990, the market share of the top five grocery retailers increased from under 25 per cent, to 61 per cent of national sales, on one estimate, and a "super league" of just three firms began to separate out in terms of growth, profitability and annual capital investment. During years which have been described as the "golden age" of British grocery retailing, the immense oligopsonistic buying power wielded by the retail corporations came to condition all aspects of retailer-supplier relations, and created new corporatist relationships between the retailers and the regulatory state. Nowadays, there are many retailers who are trying to enter the competitive grocery market. However, it is difficult to gain substantial market share as the industry is very saturated and requires a lot of efforts for companies to become leading competitors. Below, the market share of the UK retail industry is presented. As we see from the table, only a few retailers present competitio... The "Others" that include hundreds of retailers constitute 14.3% and are relatively small shops that do not present a threat to the retails such as Tesco or Asda. The evolution of grocery industry and the competition in it reflects significant changes over the time. As we will see further in this paper, the competition in the grocery industry used to take place between the small shops which did not take a dominant position on the whole market of the country, but rather were located and competed on the small area. In present time, the situation is changed as big retailers try to capture the whole market of the industry. 2. Main grocery retailing competitors To understand how the competition of British grocery retailing evolved, it is first necessary to appreciate some of the key features of the retailer-dominated UK food system which emerged during the 1980s, for it was those features which drove that internationalization. Four features will be picked out. In practice these are intimately interconnected, but for purposes of discussion it is useful to separate them. In the early 1980s the top three firms-Sainsbury, Tesco and Asda-held a combined market share of around 20 per cent of national grocery sales. They had recently been joined by two other firms, the Argyll Group and the Dee Corporation (later Gateway), which were growing rapidly by takeover and merger. Between 1982 and 1988 the dominance of this "big five" group increased considerably. Their combined market share reached approximately 43 per cent by 1984 and 58 per cent by the end of 1988. By 1988, Sainsbury, the largest food retailer, had surged up the rankings of British companies by turnover, from 51st position a decade earlier, to 14th

Economic Environment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Economic Environment - Research Paper Example Air transport suffered a serious crisis in 2007, the network is in bad condition and needs to restored. The shortages of energy supply may hold back Brazil in terms of its economic growth (Datamonitor 2010). The government is the main buyer in the sector, although some forms of public-private partnerships have been established from 2006 (LAM 2010). The sector is characterised with consolidation and large players, and it has seen an entry of foreign investments in past couple of years. The industry reflects a stable and health growth and opens many opportunities for external players as the business environment in Brazil is improving. At 58th position in the Global Competiveness Report (WEM 2010), Brazil is relatively stable, a result of its two decade long fight for macroeconomic stability, economical restructuring and reducing income inequality. Methodology The further analysis of the business environment is made through the use of the PESTEL forces which provide more insight into th e challenges faced by the infrastructure sector of the construction industry. ... the quality of Brazilian institutions according to the Global Competitiveness Report (WEM 2010) is poorly assessed at 93rd position reflecting limited trust into the politicians, the political stability of the regime in the past decade, in particular the stability of the Brazil’s institutions, favours the growing economic development of the country (Lynn and Tang 2010:156). Economical environment Slightly affected by the global financial downturn, Brazil's economy recovered fast with expected annual GDP growth on 4-5% annually as in the pre-crisis period (Latin American Monitor 2010:6, IMF 2010:59). Brazil managed to weather the global crisis due to its small credit markets, a diversified economy, large domestic sector and a fiscally responsible administration (Lynn and Tang 2010:156). Other contributing factors were the high real prices of the commodity exports and the large private and public investments which continue to increase. In 2010 it is expected that the GDP will re bound to the pre-crisis 5,5%, led by a strong private consumption and investment (IMF 2010:59). The infrastructure segment of the construction industry across Brazil will benefit from large-scale corporate and public investment (Datamonitor 2010, 2010a). The political stability in combination with the macro stability and the relatively low public debt (48% of GDP and 84th rank in GCR (WEM 2010)) favour an increase in the public investments in infrastructure. However, high levels of burecruacy slow down the intensity of these investments (Economic Freedom Report 2010:40). It is expected that the activities in the infrastructure development will intensify in the following period due to the scheduled 2014 FIFA World Cup and the 2016 Olympics. As a result the Brazilian government has announced that

International law Essay Example for Free

International law Essay International law can be divided into two main branches; public international law and private international law. According to Corel University Law School, Legal Information Institute; public international law, oversees matters of rights between nations and citizens or subjects of other nations whereas, the latter deals with conflicts between private individuals arising out of circumstances of key importance to more than one nation. Over time the line between private and public international laws has been growing thinner with issues of private international law now linking with those of public international law. This is because the international community finds many matters of private international law of significance to them. In a nutshell, international law governs human actions and interactions at the global heights. For a long time since its inception in the 16th Century, international law consisted of policies and regulations governing interactions between nations until recently when the law was redefined to incorporate relations between states and individuals as well as relation between international institutions. International law has received its share of criticism with the emergence of a school of thought holding that it was mechanism designed by developed countries purposefully for colonization in the modern world. In his book; Imperialism, Sovereignty and the making of International Law Anghie argues that â€Å"the colonial confrontation was central to the formation of international law and, in particular, it’s founding concept, sovereignty. He goes ahead to argue that international law is a modern way of governing non-European people, that economic exploitations and cultural erosion that resulted from the same were strategically important for the discipline. Contrary to Anghie’s thinking, international law would otherwise be a benevolent undertaking had it not been demonized by powerful states to achieve 21st century colonialism. The concept of international law obviously conflicts with the fundamentals of sovereignty which also means independence. This is to say that a sovereign state should be free to run its domestic affairs free from hindrances by outside authority. The proponents of international law may have worked on the assumptions that the sovereignty of a state is not only founded on the self-governing will of its sovereign, but also on its position in relationship to several other states. This implies that if a certain country comes up with policies which are likely to affect its neighbors or other countries then its sovereignty can be subject to violation when international law intervenes. Nonetheless, the general belief is that a state should be able to do whatever it pleases within its territories. It is important to mention that sovereignty of a state means it is free to use its resources for its own prosperity without interference from outside powers. However, developed states have in many occasions meddled in the economic affairs of third world states. It is by right that a third world states control all that is within their territories without interference from developed countries. International law, through international business law paves way for exploitation of third world countries by their developed counterparts. Interdependence is a word strategically coined by developed states to cover up for their deeply buried conspiracy aimed at reaping resources from developed countries under the cover of globalisation. Hopefully, out of their own efforts, third world states may eventually grow to the level of being powerful. In the contrary, world super powers are not stupid to let third world countries grow to be as powerful as them. Because of this insecurity, they invent laws and lie to third world states that it is for the good of the world when the underpinning motive is to increase dependence by developing countries on the world powers. Even if these countries develop, they will be under control of developed states. A good example is the claim by developed countries in favor of their investors on foreign territories. The claim by capital-exporting countries is intended to limit a country’s sovereignty to impose limitations on foreign investors (Sornarajah 136). This may sound as a generous thought to open up equal playing grounds for signatories of international law. However, consider the fact that capital-exporting countries are the world superpowers hosting numerous billionaire investors just looking for places to multiply their billions. Some of these multibillion businesses are state owned corporations. With this kind of law, the world powers will establish multibillion corporations in third world territories in the pretext of privately owned investments. They will offer employment opportunities, good health facilities, education, housing, infrastructure to millions of natives of third world states. Because most third world governments are unable to offer basic needs for their populace, these international corporations will win the hearts of many in third world states. Although political rule will be retained by the hosting governments, such multibillion corporations will have unprecedented control not only over citizens whom they will have won their trust, but also over government policy decisions. By that time, third world states will be literally foreign territories of developed states. Of course a few rich individuals from developing countries will have benefited from this law and established businesses in developed countries. However, because their native governments will be lacking both economic and political powers, their activities will be highly controlled by the host governments keeping them from making any breakthroughs. This treaty might also limit a state’s ability to use domestic legal facilities on foreign investors who break the law since they will be under protection of international law. This is based on the belief that any grievance against an investor operating under international law is an injury to his native country. International law therefore was only formed with the excuse of interdependence between signatory states with the hidden purpose to reintroduce a modern style of Colonialism being witnessed today. In the modern world, economic sovereignty is paramount to any form of sovereignty. Political sovereignty in the 21st century is worthless without economic independence. It is because of this that developed countries continue to come up with selfish policies with the excuse of interdependence. For this reason most third world countries brag of political independence but when they cannot provide for their citizens, they seek shelter from the economic giants who do not offer anything without conditions. Developed countries will always do this through economic sanctions such as freezing donor aid which when implemented cripples the operations of third world states. Nye states that although the potential for benefits in interdependence exist, the potential for tragedy exists as well (179). Nye goes to the extreme to refer to the negative results of interdependence not merely as losses, which would be the opposite of benefits, but tragedy. Tragedy can also be a disaster, catastrophe or misfortune. The after effects of a disaster are usually devastating and repairing the mess requires extraordinary measures usually taking a longer period of time. The shocking thing is that whereas developing countries are obeying international law, developed countries can violate it and get away with it. Israel has been in the headlines for many years over Gaza strip conflict with Palestine’s. The attacks have led to serious violation of human rights and international law. Atrocities committed along Gaza Strip are worrying and one would wonder why Israel is being excused from war crimes trials. Up to date, the international judges still seem to be wondering if Israel has committed enough crimes to be subjected to trials. On the other hand, the United States of America reciprocated against Afghanistan after the September 11th attacks on America’s soil and many innocent lives were lost. Most worrying is human rights violations by US soldiers against war prisoners and terrorist suspects at the Guantanamo Bay detention camp. In 2001, hundreds of Taliban prisoners of war were suffocated to death after they were imprisoned inside metal containers by US military in the Afghan town of Kunduz. Instead of being charged with human rights violations, the world superpower arrested Saddam Hussein and had him hanged to death for war crime charges during his regime. Meanwhile the international law is in full force in developing countries. International Criminal Court (ICC) has issued a warrant of arrest against Sudan’s re-elected leader Omar alBshir over war crime related charges. Currently, the ICC is also investigating human rights violations during the 2007 post election chaos in Kenya and is expected to take in suspects by September 2010. Efforts by the ICC to arrest perpetrators of violence are all in good faith, but how about the rich countries which commit the same crimes? Whereas it will be extremely difficult for a country which has cut off itself from the rest of the world, international law deprives nations from exercising their sovereignty within their territories with respect to the locally prevailing circumstances. The international law in large part works in favor of the developed countries and does not result in the desired interdependence which will empower weak nations. Nations should be empowered to be able to independently and decisively handle their economic, political and legal activities without interference from outside forces which may not understand the prevailing circumstances. It is only when they are empowered that they will be able to have the bargaining power which is critical for interdependence at the international level.

Imperfect Society Depicted in Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman :: Death of a Salesman

Imperfect Society Depicted in Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman   Advancements in science throughout this century have led to tremendous advancements in industry.   Advancements in industry, however, have not always led to advancements in living.   For some, society has created mass wealth and enabled a standard of living unparalleled throughout history.   For Willy Loman, society has created only tremendous grief and hardship, aggravated by the endless promise of the good times to come.   For these reasons, Willy’s tragedy is due more to societies flaws than to the numerous flaws in his own character.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy Loman was host to many flaws and deficiencies ranging form suicidal tendencies to psychotic disorders.   However, these shortcomings did not account for his tragic end, not by themselves anyway.   Society is to blame.   It was society who stripped him of his dignity, piece by piece. It was society who stripped him of his lifestyle, and his own sons who stripped him of hope.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most obvious flaw in society is greed, the desire to get ahead of the next guy.   This malady is present on a national level.   It is the philosophy of business and comprises the dreams of man.   Sometimes, this can drive man to great things, sometimes it can drive a man to ruin.   Willy was driven to the latter.   (Not his own greed for he was a simple man with simple dreams, but by the greed of others.)   The developers who took away the sun and gave birth to shadows, his boss who reduced him to commission and his sons which reduced him to a failure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next largest flaw in society is a lack of compassion.   This could be as a result of almost overwhelming greed, the main culprit being big business. I'm always in a race with the junkyard!   I just finished paying for the car and it's on it last legs.   The refrigerator consumes belts like a goddam maniac.   They time those things.(Act 2, page 73, lines 16-19)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Willy's belief in this statement drew him to believe that big business lacked compassion.   It is because of this that he is abandoned by Biff and disowned by Happy, left babbling in a toilet.   It is this flaw that allowed him to die a slow death and played the greatest role in his eventual downfall.      Ã‚  Ã‚  The third largest flaw in society (particularly American society) is the lack of a social safety net.

Physical health Essay

1. Discuss the meanings Steve now places on health and physical activity. Steve doesn’t put much meaning on his health, either mentally, physically, emotionally or socially. He hasn’t got his family to encourage him to get out and participate in sport, so he let himself go and does not get motivated. From his point of view his health is good and is living the â€Å"good life† because he hasn’t got support to get his life back to what he was. The â€Å"good life† from his view is to go out every weekend or night and party out late. He drinks alcohol and smokes so he is ruining his health every day, but he doesn’t see it is a problem. He might not have got taught the right health ways and think he can do whatever he want because he is young and free. This will affect him later in life but he doesn’t seem to care as he is living how he has wanted to, his family were the ones encouraging him to do this, and without them around he doesnâ₠¬â„¢t feel the need to do it. 2. Demonstrate how Steve’s lifestyle choices could be affecting his physical health. List any possible future problems. Steve’s lifestyle choices are affecting all areas of his health but one in particular that could affect his life span and that is his physical health. He started smoking and drinking. His dating life could also be a problem. His job can cause problems to his health. They are all decreasing his physical health. Every time he smokes he is increasing his chance of getting lung cancer. His drinking is going to affect him heavily later as he will end up with all sorts of problems, example- he could once turn up to work drunk and do everything wrong, resulting in him having no job. His dating life could result in somehow contracting a sexually transmitted infection. His job is affecting his health, as his job doesn’t require much; he just sits down all day, he could end up with bad pains all through his body. They all cause future problems to Steve an d by doing all these things he is decreasing his life expectancy, giving him a shorter life than expected. 3. List the changes in his social circumstances that have influenced the changes in Steve’s health and physical activity levels. Steve social circumstances have changed affecting the way he lives now, causing him to change. He has changed as he has moved out of home, leaving his family out of his life without them pushing him to do his best he found new friends who do what he is doing. His job has changed his social circumstances as he can have a night out and do what he needs to, his work friends should be encouraging him that he needs to take more pride in his job. When he finished school he might have lost all of his friends that were impacting him in a good way with the training and playing of different sports. His social circumstances have changed his life because he left school and not having family made him think he could live however he wants and not care. 4. Describe the possible outcomes for Steve’s emotional health is he continues with his current lifestyle. Emotional health refers to the ability to express emotions when they are appropriate and control them when they are not. If Steve continues with his behaviour he may not be able to control his emotions, his self-esteem will be very low. He won’t be able to see him as he is, he will see his self-image as worse than it actually it because of his low emotional health and low self-esteem. His late night partying will put down his emotional health is he keeps going with his routine, he will continue to think girls will fall for him but sometimes they will not, possibly causing his emotional health to deteriorate. His health on the health continuum will be very low, as he isn’t being able to control all of his health especially the physical and emotional health. If he picks up more exercise and does committee to his job he will have better emotional health stabili ty, meaning he will be able to control his emotions and express them accordingly to the situation. 5. Identify the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and describe what each area means in your own words. Developing personal skills: is about improving the individuals skills, developing a better understand for the individual to help them better their health. It helps the individual find ways to help better their health, giving them more confidence about their health. Creating supportive environments: is about the environment and making it better. It’s about creating a better environment for a person to be able to do what they want. It’s got both physical and social aspects, like a park for exercising or close friends supporting you in a big sporting event. Strengthening community action: is about getting the community involved to better the health of those within the community. The ideas from the community are called ‘bottom-up’ meaning the community comes up with the ideas and tries to get help to impose them in the areas, and a ‘top-down’ is when the ideas are coming from the government on what they think will better the health of those in that community. Reorientating health services: is about trying to invest more money into prevention rather than a cure. They believe if they can put more money into prevention then they will save more money. It doesn’t dismiss the importance on health care, as you can still get diseases genetically, but this is about trying to prevent those who get diseases that they can prevent by choosing better lifestyles. Building healthy public policy: is about the rules, laws and legislations. It is about the government and organisations that work towards better health, emplacing rules and laws, example- restricted smoking location within public places, or in schools where they have the ‘no hat, no play’ policy. 6. Recommend ways Steve can improve his health by following at least 2 of the 5 action areas of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. Give specific examples. Steve can improve his health in any of the five action areas, but the two that he should increase in are developing personal skills and creating supportive environments. Those two areas will help build up his health again. Developing personal skills is all about the individual and what they can do better for their health. Creating supportive environments is all about physical and social sides. It is increasing the family/friends bond for them to support you. Steve can develop his personal skills by going back to do some vigorous exercise. He needs to go and get help, and see if sleeping with different women can cause him to have a sexually transmitted infection. With him developing his personal skills, he can change his life around, making it better for him to live. Steve can create a supportive environment with his friends and family by getting them to help him change out of his bad habits. With his family by his side it can help him to make the right decisions. The physical side of a supportive environment can be getting his friends or family to go out and exercise with him. The two action areas developing personal skills and creating supportive environments can change his life around for the better, bettering his life expectancy, he then will put a better look on his health instead of wanting to always live the â€Å"good life,† he can go out sometimes but always going out is not good for his health. If his family and friends help him to go and see a doctor they can help him change his life around.

A Review of Cadburys Supply Chain

A Review of Cadbury’s Supply Chain: Literature Review: ‘Man of Dairy Milk and Money’. Elaine Watson Article Summary: * This article begins by highlighting how Cadbury’s have had their fair share of problems: * Salmonella outbreak in 2006 * Decision to close Somerdale factory and switch production to Poland. * Factory issues in Sheffield: river quite literally flowing through the factory. * But as the article highlights, the firm has a strong and strategically placed supply chain. Areas of Competitive Advantage: * Factory Network: They recently built a new factory in Poland.They have an established network with two other factories there, and a gum plant. * Cost effective Supply Chain: By strategically placing the factories in Poland they were able to achieved cost savings in two key areas: * Cheaper wages (despite the fact that they are increasing). * A reduction in labour by 15%, which resulted in boosting operating margins from 10% to the mid-teens. * Alig nment of Supply Chain: Cadbury’s treat the supply chain as a whole; â€Å"It is very easy to think in terms of manufacturing, logistics, sales, purchasing and so on. But their objective must all be aligned†.They ensure that work groups are formed compiling of resources from across the different functional teams. This ensures that every project/group is focused on achieving their main goal of customer satisfaction, and are able to consider this from every part of the manufacturing process. * Global Benchmarking: â€Å"We’ve got lots of key performance indicators in terms of quality, safety, service level, and the environment, but for manufacturing we use OEE†. Cadbury’s highlight the importance of waste management owing to the fact that raw materials have dramatically increased in prices over recent years (Cocoa for example has increased from ? ,000/t to ? 1,600/t. * Environmental responsibilities: Cadbury’s aim to reduce their carbon footpri nt by 50% by 2020. * Manufacturing Ownership: Manufacturing is a core competency for Cadbury’s. There are arguments in favour of keeping this in house in terms of economic and intellectual ones. Bournville is the core plant; here they have 1,000-1,200 staff as well as sophisticated machinery producing 100,000t of chocolate products a year. This factory further produces 1m creme eggs a day. * Outsourcing: Cadbury’s outsource two of their products: * Snaps: this involves unusual technology. * Green & Blacks.Literature Review: ‘Ethical Supply Chains – ‘The New Black’? ’ Lisa Brown. Article Summary: * This article highlights the importance of sustainable supply chain management, and likens the rate of take up to ‘The New Black’. Therefore this article is centered around how Cadbury’s manage a sustainable supply chain in order to gain a competitive advantage. * Cadbury’s are an example of a firm who have succes sfully implemented such ethical considerations into their supply chain. In 2009 they announced that the cocoa drinks and dairy milk chocolate would be fair-trade certified in British and Irish markets.This mark ensures that the farmers are paid a fair price, and that crops are farmed under sustainable conditions (putting a halt to child labour). * Advantages of Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM): * Changing consumer attitudes: The article paints a picture of a consumer who is no longer concerned by product quality and other tangible aspects, but rather is concerned with the integrity of supply chains (and will often spend more money on those products that appeal to their moral code). This view is personified through Brown’s comment that â€Å"†¦pressure to donate, volunteer, buy green†¦ by organic, recycle, reduce carbon emissions†.Brown further states, â€Å"Customers often feel a sense of intrinsic commitment and emotional attachment to the product s they purchase * The price of not acting sustainably: the article compares Cadbury’s success to a clothing retailer who has received criticism for their use of sweatshops in Asia. * Competitive Advantage: â€Å"Supply chains have become the new black, a trendy way of connecting with the consciousness of consumers (particularly generation Y) and achieving differentiation from those companies/products not willing or able to keep up†. * How is this hanging consumer attitude affecting the industry? * Competitive Advantage: Transparency of supply chains: in a society where publicly accessible information is just a click away and a good reputation is priceless, ensuring integrity of supply chains is on way to create a competitive advantage. * Product differentiation: Products are no longer differentiated by rudimentary characteristics such as colour and price. Values are a key part of the customer decision. * Declaration of interests: Companies must ensure that companies th ey are partnering with are also keeping within the guidelines. Ethics ahead of profits: Customers nowadays will pay more money for items that appeal to their moral consciousness. Thus, firms need to walk the walk rather than just talking the walk. Literature Review: ‘Reconfiguring Three Companies Under one Umbrella’. Alan Robinson. Article Summary: * This article identifies how the Cadbury’s supply chain ensures that network benefits are realized and capitals costs are reduced. In essence it portrays how Cadbury’s creates a competitive advantage through three of their products: Schweppes, Motts and Snapple. Competitive Advantages: Integrated Supply Chain: The three companies have an integrated supply chain, which provides the following benefits: * Continual realignment and readjustment of products means that they never duplicate efforts. * Owing to constant changes in product lines (with them acquiring other lines and products), they continually review the ir locations and distribution channels. They ensure that they are always maximizing efficiency (hence their move from Somerdale to join their other factories in Poland). * Synergies between brands: Brands work together.For example a group with a mature manufacturing knowledge, Motts, was paired with a new manufacturing company, Snapple. Mott’s ran the Snapple manufacturing activities. * Analytical Tools: They use advanced supply chain analytical tools such as VA-basis Insight and its SAILS. This is supply chain network modeling software (similar to those shown in the picture below). Source: Ernst & Young Power and utilities Network Modeling Overview. This provides them with the following benefits: * Ability to strategically set up plants and locations (network modeling). They are able to constantly reevaluate their market in order to reduce duplication and reduce carbon emissions (which saves costs and promotes their sustainable supply chain management image). * Ability t o analyse demand seasonality to ensure that their brans have the capacity to meet customer demand throughout the year (their products are highly seasonal – e. g. Cadbury’s creme eggs). * Mature stock and inventory level management systems gives an idea as to where they should invest additional capabilities. * Reduces capital costs Products are sold to market at varying stages in supply chain: * Motts and Snapple sell ready to go products that can be sold to the end customer. * Whilst Dr. pepper and Carbonated drinks just sell the ingredients. * Range of outlets: Cadbury’ sell their products in a range of outlets in order to meet their customer base. For example, Convenience stores, supermarkets and drug chains etc. * Variety of Production Methods: * Outsourcing: Cadbury’s Schweppes brand is outsourced to Hershey’s in America. * Franchise: Cadbury’s franchise Dr Pepper and 7Up.Those who buy the franchise get rights to the product, the concent ration and the packaging. * Use of distributors: Snapples Beverages use distributors to reach their market. Synthesis: The assimilation of each of the articles that I have researched demonstrate that Cadbury’s see their Supply Chain as being a key area in which they can create a competitive advantage. Their main advantages are achieved in the following areas: * Make-buy/Outsourcing Decision: Cadbury’s assess the market and their areas of strength to ensure that what they are producing satisfies the customers needs.This is both cost effective and logical in terms of fulfilling the customer requirements. * Factory/Distribution Outlets Networking: Intelligent network software is used to ensure the network that supports their supply chain is cost efficient and reduces duplication. This can be seen from their move to Poland, thus creating synergies. This also increased their operating margin. * Integrated Supply Chain: Owing to the number of product lines that Cadburyâ€⠄¢s own (often through M&S activities), the Cadbury’s supply chain is configured to enhance brand cooperation and coordination.This can be seen through a number of examples listed in the examples above: * E. g. 1. For example a group with a mature manufacturing knowledge, Motts, was paired with a new manufacturing company, Snapple. Mott’s ran the Snapple manufacturing activities. * E. g. 2. Different departments are bought together a matrix manner in order to ensure that projects and work takes into account the view of the whole manufacturing process. This ensures that their objective is always in the forefront of projects and is accounted for through all different functions views. Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM): They are able to differ from competitors in a number of ways. The benefits achieved through their morally appealing supply chain activities are: * Competitive Advantage * Product differentiation * Declaration of interests * Ethics ahead of prof its * Manufacturing Ownership: Manufacturing is a core competency for Cadbury’s. There are arguments in favour of keeping this in house in terms of economic and intellectual ones.Bournville is the core plant; here they have 1,000-1,200 staff as well as sophisticated machinery producing 100,000t of chocolate products a year. This factory further produces 1m creme eggs a day. * Global Benchmarking: â€Å"We’ve got lots of key performance indicators in terms of quality, safety, service level, and the environment, but for manufacturing we use OEE†. Cadbury’s highlight the importance of waste management owing to the fact that raw materials have dramatically increased in prices over recent years (Cocoa for example has increased from ? 1,000/t to ? 1,600/t.

The Exclusionary Rule Essays

The Exclusionary Rule Essays The Exclusionary Rule Essay The Exclusionary Rule Essay The Exclusionary Rule is a fundamental constitutional principle of criminal procedure law in the United States. Generally, it prohibits the criminal trial of any evidence seized or otherwise obtained in violation of Amendment to the Constitution. Under the Exclusionary Rule, improperly evidence that leads to the subsequent discovery of other incriminating automatically invalidates or poisons the newly discovered derivative same way that a poisonous tree taints the fruits growing on any of its. While it derives from the Fourth Amendment, it is not actually anywhere within the text of the Constitution or its Amendments. In fact, judicially created more than a century after the Constitution was ratified the Fourth Amendment included within the Bill of Rights in 1791 (Tinsley). The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. At British Common Law, any evidence of guilt was admissible into and proof of guilt was considered to excuse any illegal conduct involved in it, even retroactively, in effect, functioning as an absolute defense on police or government authorities who violated the law (Tinsley): where a Man arrests another, who is actually guilty of the Crime for which he is arrested, it seems, That he needs not in justifying it, set forth any special Cause of his Suspicion, but may say in general, that the Party feloniously did such a Fact, for which he arrested him.

Knowledge Management Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Knowledge Management Techniques - Essay Example Uriarte, 2008). The parking and preservation of corporate knowledge is relevant especially in today’s era, given that majority of work force oriented service is solely composed of knowledge workers. To successfully compete in the economy, companies have to treat the personnel providing the knowledge just as they would pay attention to any other strategic irreplaceable asset (Leistner, 2010). At high levels of the hierarchy of knowledge worker, certificates and university degrees from guilds or various organisations provide the self imposed labels that professionals and managers use in order to qualify for one of the positions in the organisation (Miltiadis et al, 2008). Knowledge workers have an overall picture of the business as oppose to the lower level front line workers, but there is the likeliness duplication of mistakes in the various departments since there is no strategy or media for information sharing example in an organisation professionals in various departments ma y be doing some experiments with out sourcing, independently each discovering that saving promised is far much less that suggested in the popular business press. Knowledge management is fundamentally about a systematic approach to other information and managing intellectual assets in a way that the company is provided with an edge to competitive advantage. Knowledge management is an optimisation strategy for business, and it is not limited to a particular source of information or technology (Uden and Eardley, 2010). A wide variety of IT (Information Technologies) plays a key role in knowledge management initiatives, simply because of the effort provided over manual operations and savings in time. Knowledge management is agnostic when it comes to source and type of information, ranging from a document describing the process a customer support representative uses to escalate

Marketers and the child consumer Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9500 words

Marketers and the child consumer - Thesis Example The paper tells that marketing to children has been of immense interest to marketers in recent times. Marketers use advertising to inform, communicate, persuade, entertain, and sell to the viewer. Children have become attractive markets not only because they can influence their parents’ purchase decision but also because they have their own income through jobs or allowances from parents. Their immense purchasing power has tempted the marketers to exploit the situation. Besides, certain characteristics such as repetition, branded characters, celebrity endorsements, and interesting production features enhance the importance of television as a medium. Advertisers use stealth marketing techniques and have started embedding or placing the product in movies or TV shows. They also use advergames where the tweens feel the flow of information. The fast food restaurants entice the vulnerable minds with the promise of a toy on their visit. Advertisers have also exploited the school arena to reach out to the children. Advertisements can be found on report cards, on school book covers, on school buses and the intention is to demonstrate their commitment to academic excellence. While there are debates and studies on how food advertising has led to increased incidences of obesity in tweens, there is no conclusive study to confirm this. However, advertising for children has certainly enhanced consumerism and the children feel they can decide what they want and when they want. Suddenly the children feel grown up and want to look and feel older. This may not be a positive impact as the childish innocence is lost a very early age. The study concludes the materialism and consumerism should not be promoted through advertisements directed at tweens. The appropriate marketing technique should contain relevant and important information about the product, its benefits and the potential adverse impact. Recommendations for further studies were made and limitations highlighted. Table of Contents Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Rationale for the study 2 1.3 Research aims and objectives 3 1.4 Structure of the study 4 1.5 Significance of the study 5 Chapter II Literature review 2.1 Chapter overview 6 2.2 Definition of tweens 6 2.3 The child consumer 7 2.4 Media used for marketing to children 10 2.5 Marketing techniques used by advertisers 13 2.6 Impact of advertisements on children 15 Chapter III Methodology 3.1 Chapter Overview 17 3.2 Research Philosophy 17 3.3 Purpose of the research and phenomenon 17 3.4 Epistemology 17 3. 5 Research Strategy 19 3.6 Data collection 19 3.7 Justification for secondary data 20 3.8 Data analysis 20 3.9 Limitations 20 Chapter IV Findings 4.1 Chapter Overview 21 4.2 Cause of changes in tweens’ consumer behavior 21 4.3 Marketing techniques used by advertisers 22 4.4 Impact of advertising and marketing 26 4.5 Television as the most important medium 29 4.6 Discussions 29 Chapter V Conclusion & Recommendations 5.1 Conclusion 31 5.2 Recommendations 33 References 34 Tables & Figures Table 2.1 Media Channels that reach the tweens 11 Table 2.2 Media use by Tweens 12 Figure 4.1 Tweens shopping without parents 22 Figure 4.2 Pleasure & Fun 23 Figure 4.3 Excitement and surprise 26 Figure 4.4 Lollipop as a â€Å"popping candy† 26 Chapter I Introduction 1.1 Background Marketing to children has been of immense interest to marketers in recent times. Marketing campaigns have three-fold purpose –